Metallurgy of Steel (FSI-PMO)

Academic year 2018/2019
Supervisor: doc. Ing. Antonín Záděra, Ph.D.  
Supervising institute: ÚST all courses guaranted by this institute
Teaching language: Czech
Aims of the course unit:
The objective is to familiarize students with the production of steel in electric furnaces, with focus on foundry technologies in a range sufficient for foundry practice, possibly as a basis for further studies.
Learning outcomes and competences:
Basic thermodynamic calculations of equilibria in reactions taking place during the production of steel. Deriving optimum conditions for the reaction processes in the production of steel, from thermodynamic equilibria. Calculating the performance of individual melting sets. Calculating the charges and final alloying. Classification of individual types of inclusion and their effect on toughness and transient behaviour. Calculating the cost of molten metal.
Prerequisites:
The basic knowledge of chemistry, chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium, ideal gas laws. The basic knowledge of physics, kinetic theory of gases, fundamentals of thermodynamics, diffusion fundamentals - Fick's laws, Fundamentals of physical chemistry, heat of phase transformations, heat of dissolution, heat of dilution, heat of reaction, dependence of heat of reaction on temperature, process spontaneity - entropy, free enthalpy. General conditions of thermodynamic equilibria, dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature, activity, chemical potential, partial and molar quantities.
Course contents:
Physical and chemical fundamentals of steel production, steel production sets used in steel foundries, production of steel in basic arc furnaces and acid induction furnaces. Principles of steel-production technologies with regard to individual stages of heat, melting, oxidizing, and deoxidizing. Pouring process, pouring ladles, thermal and chemical heterogeneity of steel in the ladle. Effect of metallurgy on the properties of steel and quality of castings. Suitability of using some secondary metallurgy processes in foundries. Effect of metallurgy on economic and power demands of the production of steel for casting. Intensification of steel production. Understanding the basic physical and chemical reactions of the production of steel and their application in steel foundries.
Teaching methods and criteria:
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes:
Awarding the course-unit credit is conditional on active attendance at exercises. For the exam, students get list of questions covering the subject matter dealt with. The exam is oral, with written preparation.
Controlled participation in lessons:
Attendance at lecture is recommended. Attendance at seminars is required. Understanding the subject-matter delivered by the lecturer is checked in practicals. The leader of practicals assigns students independent work. Students agree with the course supervisor on making up for absence from classes.
Type of course unit:
    Lecture  13 × 3 hrs. optionally                  
    Labs and studios  13 × 2 hrs. compulsory                  
Course curriculum:
    Lecture 1. History of the production of iron and steel.
2. Application of thermodynamics in steelmaking.
3. Solutions in molten iron.
4. Slags in steel production.
5. Oxidation.
6. Deoxidation.
7. Effect of metallurgy on properties.
8. Theory and practice of the production of steel in basic electric arc furnaces.
9. Theory and practice of the production of steel in basic electric arc furnaces.
10. Theory and practice of the production of steel in electric inductions furnaces.
11. Theory and practice of the production of steel in acid electric furnace.
12. Out -of-furnace refining.
13. Pouring of steel.
    Labs and studios 1. Calculation of activity for different standard states.
2. Calculation of reaction heat.
3. Dependence of reaction heat on temperature.
4. Dissolution of carbon in ferrous alloys.
5. Oxygen in ferrous alloys.
6. Gases in ferrous alloys.
7. Calculation of equilibria in metallurgical reactions.
8. Desulphurization of steel.
9. Calculation of the charge and final alloying in alloyed steel.

1.-4. Measuring the temperature and activity of oxygen in steel and cast iron
Literature - fundamental:
2. ŠENBERGER, J.; BŮŽEK, Z.; ZÁDĚRA, A.; STRÁNSKÝ, K.; KAFKA, V. Metalurgie oceli na odlitky. Brno: VUT v Brně – Nakladatelství Vutium, 2008. 311 s. ISBN: 978-80-214-3632-9.
3. TURGDOGAN, E. T.: Fundamentals of Steelmaking. The Institute of Materials 1996, ISBN186125 004 5.
3. HAE-GEON-LEE, Chemical thermodynamics for metals and Material. Imperial College Press, 57 Shelton Str. London WC2H 9HE, Reprint 2001.
4. ALVAREZ, A. I.; DEGALLAIX-MOREUIL, S. Duplex Stainless Steels. GREAT BRITAIN, 2009, p. 437, ISBN 978-1-84821-137-7.
5. MYSLIVEC, T.:Fyzikálně chemické základy ocelářství, SNTL Praha 1971.
Literature - recommended:
1. [3] Fremunt, P.- Šimon, J : Tavení oceli v elektrických pecích, SNTL, Praha 1984.
2. 2. Levíček, P.- Stránský,K.: Metalurgické vady ocelových odlitků, SNTL, Praha 1984.
The study programmes with the given course:
Programme Study form Branch Spec. Final classification   Course-unit credits     Obligation     Level     Year     Semester  
M2I-P full-time study M-SLE Foundry Technology P linked to branch B-STG Cr,Ex 5 Compulsory 2 1 S
M2I-P full-time study M-SLE Foundry Technology -- Cr,Ex 5 Compulsory 2 1 S