Technological Units for Processing Industry (FSI-KS2)

Academic year 2021/2022
Supervisor: doc. Ing. Ladislav Bébar, CSc.  
Supervising institute: ÚPI all courses guaranted by this institute
Teaching language: Czech
Aims of the course unit:
The course objective is to familiarize the students with the most important process plants, methodology of process plant creation, its balancing and complex evaluation of its suitability for given intention. Students will be able to apply the knowledge of physical and chemical regularities to the conceptual design of a manufacturing line and make a qualified decision between more possible solutions.
The important process plants are connected with series of examples and calculation solutions of concrete industrial applications. It enables to demonstrate the issues of plants creation and complex evaluation of plants conception and possibilities, together with evaluation of individual equipment and its influence on the plant’s characteristics.
Learning outcomes and competences:
Students will be able to apply their knowledge of regularities for conceptual design of technological process and make qualified decisions between more possible solutions.
The course objective is to familiarize the students with the most important process plants, methodology of process plant creation, its balancing and complex evaluation of its suitability for given intention.
Prerequisites:
Basic knowledge of thermomechanics and thermodynamics, especially computation of thermal effects of chemical and physical processes. Knowledge of hydraulic process and thermodynamic Engineering.
Course contents:
The course of “Technological Units for Process Industry” extends the knowledge from previous partial subjects of the specialization, especially thermodynamics engineering. The course is divided into two main parts. The first part extends the students’ knowledge of thermodynamic regularities for equilibrium in systems where chemical reactions take place. In the first part kinetic factors influencing the behaviour of processes in different types of reactors will be analysed. The approach to balancing of unsteady technological systems includes also the mass and heat accumulation. The approach to design of reaction knot of sample technologies using kinetic model of alternative reactor types will be shown. In the second part of the course, systematic survey of the most important industrial technologies (industry of complex crude-oil treatment and natural gas processing, chemical and petrochemical industry, cement and lime industry) and especially technology for thermal treatment of communal and industrial wastes will be presented among others.
Teaching methods and criteria:
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Exercises are focused on practical topics presented in lectures. In the exercises the students are using computers and they solve problems connected with the semestral paper.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes:
To gain the credit, a semestral paper has to be submitted. The topic of the paper is given during the semester and the main tasks of the paper are continually discussed during exercises. The credit is also granted upon regular attendance on exercises and the students’ performance during exercises that prove that they have gained basic knowledge of the course during the semester.
The results of semester papers are presented in the form of short presentations prepared by students.
The exam consists of a written and an oral part. In the written part, the student has to prove the ability to solve individually three given computation tasks. During the oral exam, the student will explain the solution of the computation and prove knowledge of the lectures’ topics. The overall evaluation also considers the level of the semestral paper.
Controlled participation in lessons:
During the course there are 13 lectures (2 hours) and 13 exercises (2 hours). The supporting text of lectures is available in digital form. The attendance at lectures is recommended. The exercises are carried on in given classroom and follow the topics of the lectures. The attendance at seminars is mandatory and monitored.
Type of course unit:
    Lecture  13 × 2 hrs. optionally                  
    Computer-assisted exercise  13 × 2 hrs. compulsory                  
Course curriculum:
    Lecture 1) Introduction, phase equilibrium of mixtures
1) Activity, activity coefficients, equilibriums
2) Principles of technological system balancing at steady and unsteady working conditions with mass and heat accumulation.
3) Pressure losses of apparatus with a loose bed
4) Reactors I - Basic types of reactors. Basic balance equations for batch reactors, tubular reactors and ideal mixed reactors with continual flows.
5) Reactors II - Thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting the results of reactions.
6) Fuel combustion, oxygen balance, dew point
7) Waste incinerators with emphasis on flue gas cleaning I.
8) Waste incinerators with emphasis on flue gas cleaning II.
9) Processes for the removal of organic substances in waste gases
10) Oil processing. Petrochemical processes - production of ammonia, H2 and methanol.
11) Technology and equipment for thermal treatment of communal and industrial wastes. Technology of waste gases treatment, production of alcohol or other.
12) Measurement of emissions on stationary sources of pollution. ČKAIT.
    Computer-assisted exercise 1) Mass and energetic balance of the main equipment of natural gas steam reforming technology for hydrogen production (use of heat for the production of technological steam, quenching).
2) Calculation of activity coefficients by Van Laar method.
3) Continuation of the calculation mass and energetic balance of the main equipment of natural gas steam reforming technology for hydrogen production (water gas SHIFT reactors - thermodynamic calculation).
4) Process plant balance at unsteady state. Calculation of the concentration and temperature changes during the time in the unsteady systems.
5) Mass and energetic balance of the main equipment of natural gas steam reforming technology for hydrogen production (shift gas reactor for CO conversion - kinetic calculation).
6) Balance the VENTURI scrubber for gas cleaning in equipment for waste incineration.
7) Flue gas cleaning with PSA technology
8) Design of compressor and fans for natural gas, air and flue gas transportation (in connection to the analyzed natural gas steam reforming technology).
9) Calculation of transport properties (use of TKS and available software), calculation of pressure losses in the bed and functional design of the reactor.
10) Application of the oxygen balance for flue-gas flow rate for solids combustion.
11) Hydraulic design of catalytic reactors with axial and radial fluid flow.
12) Determination of the main physical and transporting properties of the hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
13) Presentation of semester work
Literature - fundamental:
1. Felder R., M., Rosseau, R.,W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, third edition, 2005, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken–NJ (USA), ISBN 0-471-68757-X
2. Santoleri J., J., Reynolds J. and Theodore L., Introduction to Hazardous Waste Incineration“, Second Edition, 2000, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0-471-011790-6
3. Shackley, S., Gough, C., Carbon Capture and its Storage, An Integrated Assessment, 2006, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, UK, ISBN:0 7546 4499 5
4. Riazi, M.R., Characterization and properties of petroleum fractions. ASTM International, 1st edition, West Conshohocken, PA (USA),.2005, ISBN 407-0-8031-3361-8
Literature - recommended:
1. Perry, J.: Chemical Engineers´ Handbook, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1997
2. Kizlink, J.: Technologie chemických látek I. a II. díl, FCH, VUT Brno, 2001
3. Babinec, F.: Aplikovaná fyzikální chemie,VUT Brno, 1981
The study programmes with the given course:
Programme Study form Branch Spec. Final classification   Course-unit credits     Obligation     Level     Year     Semester  
N-PRI-P full-time study --- no specialisation -- Cr,Ex 6 Compulsory 2 1 S