Turbines and Turbocompressors (FSI-LT1)

The target of the course is to enable students to understand the basic principles of turbines and turbocompressors so that they are able to work at any level of design, production and operation of turbines and turbocompressors.

The result of the course is the education of students in the field of fluid dynamics, wind turbines, heat turbines and turbocompressors.

The course Turbines and turbocompressors is a direct continuation of the course Turbomachines (LLS). The introductory part of the course is devoted to fluid dynamics, which complements the theory of turbomachines so that it is possible to explain the design and operation of wind and heat turbines and turbocompressors in a comprehensive and contextual manner. Construction, design, operational, economic and ecological impacts are continuously pointed out. During the course of study, students are introduced to the development of knowledge bases and their application in the design of turbines and turbocompressors, achieved results and future prospects.

Course-unit credit requirements: Credit: Active participation in the exercise. The ability to solve assigned problems is verified. Solving the credit problem is a condition for obtaining course-unit credit.

Exam: The knowledge acquired during the entire semester is tested.
The exam has a written part and a conditional oral part.
The final evaluation is composed of the results of the credit and the exam.

Fluid dynamics:
1. Thermodynamic properties of fluid
1-2. Throttling of gases and steam
2-3. Mach number and effects at high velocity flow
3-4.  Flow of gases and steam through nozzles
4.  Flow of gases and steam through diffusers

Turbines and turbocompressors:
5-6.  Aerodynamics of wind turbines
6. Wind power plant
7. Thermodynamics of turbocompressors
8. Performance of turbocompressors
9.  Thermodynamics of turbines; Losses due to meridional velocity change - cone stage theory
10-11. Performance of steam turbines
12. Performance of gas turbines
13. Performance of turbochargers

The content of the exercise is the solution of problems:

1. Application of h-s diagram construction using comparative isobar theory in thermodynamic calculations of turbomachinery

2. Calculation of axial stage with twisted blades in compressible flow and consideration of losses

3. Problems on shock wave parameters

4. Calculation of realistic steam expansion in a Laval nozzle and design of its shape; calculation of the shape of a diffuser with a constant pressure gradient

5. Problem on steam throttling; calculation of loss through a labyrinth seal

6. Wind turbine blade shape problem; wind turbine optimal power calculation problem

7. Calculation of additional losses of multistage compression; calculation of internal efficiency of surface-cooled turbocompressor

8-9. Calculation of internal efficiency of an intercooled compressor; basic thermodynamic design of turbocompressor stage

10. Basic calculation of steam turbine reaction stage

11. Calculation of working fluid flow through the individual branches of the technological unit

12. Flow through the turbine when changing the mass flow rate

13. Credit paper

ŠKORPÍK, Jiří. Teorie lopatkových strojů. Vydání druhé. Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, 2022. ISBN 978-80-214-6102-4.

ŠKORPÍK, Jiří. Tepelné turbíny a turbokompresory: vlastnosti, návrh, provoz a vybrané statě z proudění plynů a par. Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, 2020. ISBN 978-80-214-5847-5.