Biomechanics III - Cardiovascular (FSI-RBM)

Academic year 2024/2025
Supervisor: prof. Ing. Jiří Burša, Ph.D.  
Supervising institute: ÚMTMB all courses guaranted by this institute
Teaching language: Czech
Course type: departmental course
Aims of the course unit:
 
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Course contents:

The course starts with basic medical information on structure of cardiovascular system. It deals with loads and mechanical properties of its organs and tissues, including blood and its rheological properties. Properties of tissues are analysed in relation to their structure, from layers and fibres to the level of individual cells, their structure and mechanical behaviour. The course further presents most frequent pathologies of cardio-vascular system, especially atherosclerosis and its dependence on mechanical factors. All the gained knowledge is applied in computational models of isolated cell, artery and heart chamber, created in ANSYS software, not only in stress-strain analyses but also in fluid-structure interactions between a tissue and a liquid (blood). 

Further, the course deals with technical fundamentals of therapeutic treatments and man-made replacements used at cardio-vascular system (vascular grafts, arterial stents, artificial heart valves, artificial heart pumps). The course deals with their technical principles, materials, production technology and basic requirements of biocompatibility.
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Type of course unit:
    Lecture  13 × 2 hrs. optionally                  
    Computer-assisted exercise  13 × 1 hrs. compulsory                  
Course curriculum:
    Lecture

1. Introduction, contents of the course, mechanical properties of soft biological tissues and their experimental evaluation.
2. Fundamental medical information on cardiovascular system.
3. Structure and activity of myocardium. Anatomy, histology and physiology of blood vessels.
4. Structure and composition of blood vessel wall,its mechanical components. Composition of blood.


5.Physiology of heart (ECG, Starling's law). Characteristics of flow in arteries.


6. Models of blood behaviour, velocity profiles of non-Newtonean liquids, Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect.
7. Mechanical properties of cells and their computational modelling.
8. Orientation of collagen fibres, their dispersion and waviness..
9. Mechanical influence on atherosclerotic processes, principials of medical treatment of sclerotic arterie. Arterial stents.
10. Vascular grafts (arterial replacements), types, properties, application, production.
11. Natural and artificial heart valves, principles of their function, overview of available products.
12. Ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts.
13.Possibilities of computational modelling of cardiovascular system
    Computer-assisted exercise

1.-2. FE model of left ventricle.
3.-4. FE tensegrity model of animal cell. 
5.-6. FE model of aorta, residual stress.
7.-8. Evaluation of residual stress in arteral wall using volume growth (fictitious temperature) method. 
9.-10. Experiment - pulsatile flow in elastic tube, orientation of collagen fibres, constitutive models of arterial wall.
11.-12.  FSI simulation of blood flow in arteries.
13. Formulation of semester projects.
Literature - fundamental:
1. Ethier, Simmons: Introductory biomechanics. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
2. Fung: Biomechanics. Mechanical properties of living tissues.Springer, 1993.
3. Holzapfel G.A., Ogden R.W.: Biomechanics of soft tissue in cardiovascular system. Springer 2003.
4. Humphrey: Cardiovascular solid mechanics. Cells, Tissues and Organs.Springer, 2002.
Literature - recommended:
1. HOLIBKOVÁ, Alžběta a Stanislav LAICHMAN. Přehled anatomie člověka. 5. vyd. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2010. ISBN 978-80-244-2615-0.
2. Křen J., Rosenberg J., Janíček P.: Biomechanika. Vydavatelství ZČU, 1997.
4. Trojan S. , Schrieber M.: Atlas biologie člověka. Scientia, 2013
The study programmes with the given course:
Programme Study form Branch Spec. Final classification   Course-unit credits     Obligation     Level     Year     Semester  
N-IMB-P full-time study BIO Biomechanics -- GCr 6 Compulsory 2 2 W
C-AKR-P full-time study CZS -- GCr 6 Elective 1 1 W