Wave Optics (FSI-TAO)

Academic year 2023/2024
Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Radim Chmelík, Ph.D.  
Supervising institute: ÚFI all courses guaranted by this institute
Teaching language: Czech
Aims of the course unit:

The aim of the course is to provide students with basic ideas of interference, scalar theory of diffraction and its applications, and topics connected with wave optics and polarisation.
1. Knowledge of the theory of optical interference and diffraction phenomena.
2. Experimental erudition for the work in laboratory of optical interferometry and diffraction.
3. Ability to interpret in detail diffraction and interference phenomena.
Learning outcomes and competences:
1. Knowledge of the theory of optical interference and diffraction phenomena.
2. Experimental erudition for the work in laboratory of optical interferometry and diffraction.
3. Ability to interpret in detail diffraction and interference phenomena.
Prerequisites:
Basic course of physics. Calculus of functions of several variables.
Course contents:

The course deals with the fundamental phenomena and concepts of wave optics. It is extended by some parts of electromagnetic optics, such as polarisation, Fresnel equations, and anisotropic media. The second part of the course is focused on interference phenomena and light coherence. The third part deals with diffraction and holography. Interference and diffraction phenomena are demonstrated and practiced in laboratories.
Teaching methods and criteria:
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Exercises are focused on practical topics presented in lectures. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes:

Course-unit credit is conditional on active participation in seminars and calculation of given examples.


Examination: written test and oral examination.

Attendance at seminars is obligatory and is checked by the teacher. Absence may be compensated by the agreement with the teacher.
Controlled participation in lessons:
Attendance at seminars is obligatory and is checked by the teacher. Absence may be compensated by the agreement with the teacher.
Type of course unit:
    Lecture  13 × 2 hrs. optionally                  
    Laboratory exercise  7 × 2 hrs. compulsory                  
    Exercise  6 × 2 hrs. compulsory                  
Course curriculum:
    Lecture

1. Maxwell's equations. Wave equation. Scalar and vector wave. Mathematical description and properties.


2. Polarization. Basic polarization states. Jones vectors and matrices. Principles of light polarization.


3. Fresnel equations. 


4. Optics of anisotropic materials. Description, propagation of light. Optical activity, birefrigence. Polarizing elements. Optical activity.


5. Basics of the theory of coherence. Function of mutual coherence, degree of coherence. Interference of two partially coherent waves.


6. Two-beam interference. Description, examples, calculation. Two-beam interferometry and its usage.


7. Multiple-beam interference. Fabry-Perot interferometer. Interference filter. Coatings. Diffraction gratings.


8. The Huygens-Fresnel principle and the diffraction integrals. The Fresnel and the Fraunhofer diffraction. The Soret plate.


9. The Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena. Fraunhofer diffraction as the Fourier transform and its realization in the laboratory.


10. The Fresnel diffraction phenomena. 


11. The Fresnel diffraction as a transfer by a linear isoplanatic system. Impulse response function, optical transfer function.


13.  Holography, holographic interferometry, and digital holographic interferometry. 
    Laboratory exercise

Young's experiment. Newton's fringes.
Shearing interferometry. Setting-up plane wave by reflection on plan-parallel plate. 
Visualization of the phase objects by Murty interferometer, Michelson interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Experimental arrangement for observation and registration of Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction patterns.
Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction by circular aperture.
Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction by a double-slit.
    Exercise

Seminars include exaples and practical problems related to the course.
Literature - fundamental:
1. Hecht, E.: Optics. Pearson Education, 2017.
2. Komrska, J.: Vlnová optika, část Difrakce světla. Akademické nakladatelství CERM, s.r.o., Brno 2004.
3. Malý, P.: Optika. Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Karolinum. 2013
4. Born, M., Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics. 7th ed. Cambridge University Press 1999.
Literature - recommended:
5. Liška, M.: Optické sešity (texty k přednáškám). Brno, VUT 2013, 2014.
6. Saleh, B. E. A., Teich, C.: Základy fotoniky. Matfyzpress, Praha 1994.
7. Komrska, J.: Fourierovské metody v teorii difrakce a ve strukturní analýze. Brno: CERM, 2007. 242 s.
The study programmes with the given course:
Programme Study form Branch Spec. Final classification   Course-unit credits     Obligation     Level     Year     Semester  
N-PMO-P full-time study --- no specialisation -- Cr,Ex 7 Compulsory 2 1 W