Measurement and Experiment (FSI-ZEM)

Academic year 2018/2019
Supervisor: doc. Ing. Ivan Mazůrek, CSc.  
Supervising institute: ÚK all courses guaranted by this institute
Teaching language: Czech
Aims of the course unit:
The aim of the course is to present contemporary methods, experimental instrumentation and computer technology for measurement of physical quantities to the students. Measured physical quantities are usually used as input parameters for mathematical modeling of machines and machine parts. Verification of such models is also possible by comparison of measured and simulated data. The course deals with analysis of the kinematic quantities, forces, moments, pressures and noise and with processing of obtained results by using of CAT/CAME methods (computer aided testing/computer assisted measurement and evaluation).
Learning outcomes and competences:
An overview of the contemporary experimental detection possibilities of selected mechanical quantities needed for an assessment of failure-free operation of machines and their parts. They will be provided with fundamental practical knowledge and experience with methods of non-electrical physical quantities measurement. Students gain general knowledge of state-of-art measurement technology and methods of evaluation and interpretation of the experimental results.
Prerequisites:
Fundamental knowledge in area of mathematics, numerical mathematics, statistics and probability, physics, mechanics and electrical engineering.
Course contents:
The course familiarizes students with procedures and principles of technical experiment in work of a mechanical engineer. It defines the basics of the modern methods applied for measuring of mechanical quantities, and explains the structure of the measuring and control chain. The course deals with the analysis of the analog and digital signals in time and frequency domain too. A part of the course is also dedicated to the measurement of kinematic quantities, forces, torques, pressure and noise. The course is divided into the following blocks: acoustic measurements in engineering, fundamentals of experimental modal analysis, monitoring of a machine technical condition and service life tests of mechanical units.
Teaching methods and criteria:
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Teaching is supplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes:
Course-unit credit is awarded on the following conditions: active participation in the seminars, good results of elaborated laboratory exercises.
Examination: course is finished by the final test during 5th week. In the test, the student has to prove knowledge of basic terms, important principles and their application.
Controlled participation in lessons:
Attendance at lectures is recommended; attendance at laboratory practicals is obligatory and checked by the lecturer. One absence can be compensated by attending a seminar with another study group in the same week, or by elaboration of substitute tasks. In case of longer absence, compensation of missed lessons depends on the instructions of course supervisor – special task elaboration.
Type of course unit:
    Lecture  1 × 16 hrs. optionally                  
    Labs and studios  1 × 16 hrs. compulsory                  
Course curriculum:
    Lecture 1. Technical experiment.
• Process of the technical problem solution.
• Technical experiment as a source of knowledge.
• Fundamentals of the experiment and measurement methods.
• Measurement chain.
2. Transducers of physical quantities.
• Measurement of the physical quantities, classification of the transducers.
• Technical specifications of the transducers.
• Temperature sensors, non-contact pyrometers.
• Accelerometers and gyroscopes with iMEMS technology.
3. Digital signals and data.
• Classification of the analog and digital signals.
• Digital sampling, sampling theorem, aliasing phenomenon.
• Discrete Fourier transformation, FFT fundamentals.
• Aliasing phenomenon in the frequency domain.
4. Time-domain signal analysis.
• Mean, variance, root mean square.
• Crest factor.
• Trend analysis.
• Digital filtration, synchronous detection.
5. Frequency-domain signal analysis.
• Fourier transformation with resampling.
• Application of multispectrum.
• Order analysis, tracking.
• Cepstral analysis.
6. Sound measurement
• Free field, near field, diffusion field.
• Measured quantities, ISO acoustic weighting filters.
• Noise source identification.
• Mapping of the acoustic fields.
7. CAT/CAME systems.
• Measurement chain.
• Plug-in modules (AD, DA, DIO, Count).
• Global Positioning System.
• Methods of localization, GPS errors.
8. Fundamentals of the experimental modal analysis.
• Signal analysis, mechanical system analysis.
• Mechanical and analytical model.
• Classification of the exciters.
• Methods of the oscillation data analysis.
    Labs and studios 1. Lab of technical diagnostics - safety of operation, excursion.
2. Lab of technical diagnostics - brief about currently solved projects.
3. Crash test - calculation of crash velocity.
4. Crash test - experimental verification by accelerometer.
5. Transducers of the physical quantities.
6. Calibration of the accelerometers and microphones.
7. Specific instruments - LabVIEW, Dewesoft.
8. Programming of the measuring application with LabVIEW, Dewesoft.
9. Acoustic measuring - test of a free field conditions.
10. Acoustic measuring in a semianechoic chamber.
Literature - recommended:
1. BERNARD, Jaroslav, 1999. Technický experiment. Praha: Vydavatelství ČVUT. ISBN 80-010-1901-2.
4. TŮMA, Jiří, 1997. Zpracování signálů získaných z mechanických systémů užitím FFT. Praha: Sdělovací technika. ISBN 80-901-9361-7.
The study programmes with the given course:
Programme Study form Branch Spec. Final classification   Course-unit credits     Obligation     Level     Year     Semester  
M2I-P full-time study M-KSI Mechanical Engineering Design -- Cr,Ex 4 Compulsory 2 1 W